The History of Rings

Summary:
During the Medieval period is when rings became popular. All classes of people wore rings from the poorest to the richest. Rings were typically made of iron, copper, silver, and gold. The material of the ring worn usually indicated the class of the wearer.

Article Body:
During the Medieval period is when rings became popular. All classes of people wore rings from the poorest to the richest. Rings were typically made of iron, copper, silver, and gold. The material of the ring worn usually indicated the class of the wearer. It wasn't until around the 14th century that faceted jewels appeared in rings.

Some cultures have rings typically associated with them. Cultures such as Native Americans use silver and turquoise in their jewelry.  Early Christians used the Greek symbol, the Icthus, which resembles a fish.
One of the best known is the Irish Claddagh that also has an intriguing story attached to it.  Richard Joyce was among the crew of a fishing boat from the village of Claddagh, Ireland that was captured, he was to have been married that very same week. During slavery Richard Joyce was put to the trade of Goldsmith-ing.  Through the years of capture neither married. Richard Joyce created a ring for his love with a heart for love, a crown for loyalty, and two hands.

After Joyce escaped capture, he returned to the village of Claddagh and was overjoyed to see his love again and to know she had never married. She always knew he would return to her.  He gave her the ring that has become known as the Claddagh ring. If the Claddagh is worn on the right hand with the crown inward (toward the wrist) the heart is not yet committed. If it is worn on the right hand with the crown turned outward the wearer is committed to someone. Finally if it is worn on the left hand with the crown outward it means “Let our love and friendship reign forever, never to be separated.”

Rings are worn for a variety of reasons including adornment. There are rings given as a reward for a job well done such as the Super Bowl victory.
They are given to represent commitment as in engagements and marriages. Women religious to signify their commitment to God also wear rings.

Rings can be made of almost any material now.  They can be made from plastic, silver, gold, or copper, even wood. They can be made of ceramic materials as well. They can be of simple design or something as intricate as filigree.

They can be plain and simple or they can be adorned with jewels or gemstones, as in the case of birthstone rings. There is a birthstone for each month of the year and each has its own meaning. See the listing below.
January - Garnet - the gem of faith and truth; protects from poisons, thought to stop bleeding, cure sickness of the blood and infections.
February - Amethyst - aids soldiers in battle, control evil thoughts, helps hunters to catch animals, and helps the owner be good in business.
March - Aquamarine - sailors used aquamarine to gemstones to keep them safe and to prevent seasickness. It gives the wearer courage, foresight and courage
April - Diamond - Symbol of strength, courage, and invincibility. It is the ultimate gift of love. In 1477 Archduke Maxmillian of Austria gave Mary of Burgundy a diamond ring, thus starting the tradition of diamonds being given as engagement rings.
May - Emerald - Sharpened the wearer's eyesight and mind. Travelers used them as protection against the hazards of long trips. The green color is said to give the owner power to predict the future.
June - Pearl - Freshwater pearls give the power of love, money, protection, and luck. It is said they give provide wisdom through experience and protect children from harm.
July - Ruby - Its red color is related to sex, passion, strength, health, physical energy, courage, and protection. It is associated with blood, birth, and death
August - Peridot -It is thought to bring the wearer good luck, peace, and success.  Its powers include health, protection, and sleep. It attracts love, calms anger, eases anxiety and negative emotions
September  - Saphire - Its powers include spiritual enlightenment and inner peace. It is said to aid in the healing of rheumatism, colic and mental illness
October -Opal - It has healing powers that aid inner beauty, faithfulness, and eyesight. It also aids in remembering past lives.
November - Yellow Topaz (Sanskrit for fire) - In the Middle Ages was thought to heal both physical and mental illnesses and prevent death.  Citrine - also for November - Aids the kidneys, heart, digestive tract liver, and muscles.  It promotes creativity, personal clarity and eliminates self-destructive tendencies.
December - Blue Topaz (Sanskrit for fire) - In the Middle Ages was thought to heal both physical and mental illnesses and prevent death.  Turquoise - also for December - It attracts money, success, and love. It gives protection, healing, courage, friendship, and luck. It eases the mind and mental tension.

                         
There are school rings, engagement rings, wedding rings, friendship rings and mothers rings (usually the birthstones of her children set on a band.  The price range of rings can be anywhere from fifty cents (usually found in the toy machines you see in stores) to thousands of dollars and more or even higher.

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Tracing The Ancient History Of Wine

"Good wine", said Shakespeare "is a good familiar creature if it be well used".

Wine is one of the most favored and widely consumed drinks in the world, especially in Europe, America, and Australia. Interestingly, the history of wine has several meeting points with the history of the Western world. The origins of wine can be traced back to the Fertile Crescent area (Nile Delta) - a region that lay between the Nile and Persian Gulf. Historians are generally of the opinion that this drink was discovered accidentally during 4000 and 3000 B.C. As human settlements began to grow into larger formats (city/state) people started trading goods and products. The trading practice began to flourish throughout the Mediterranean region. Grapes, fruits, were particularly favored by dynasties such as Romans, Greeks, and Phoenicians and pretty soon, the knowledge of how to make a heady alcoholic drink from this fruit spread fast through the region and finally pervaded Europe too.

The Father Grape
Wine, has now been used for more than 4,500 years. Many believe that Middle East region was where wines were made for the very first time. Of course, throughout the course of history, there are several references to wine including in the Old Testament. The drink was also known to have been enjoyed by early Minoans, Greeks, and Etruscans. Now after hundreds of centuries, wine is still being used for sacramental purposes in Christian churches, celebrations, regular day to day use, and even for medicinal purposes.

Wine takes years to mature after being made from fermenting juice of grapes. There is only on species of grape, 'Vitis vinifera', which is used in all wines manufactured across the world. This particular species of grape can be referred to as the father of all grape varieties, because as many as 4,000 varieties have been developed from it so far! Though different from each other, these grapes are also similar in size, color, shape, composition of the juice, time taken for ripening, among other things. But out of these 4,000 varieties, only close to a dozen are used for making wine and the prime among them are: Riesling, Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Noir, Gewurztraminer, Sauvignon Blanc, and Muscat.

Birth of the Spirit
Many facts in the Western world history indicate that our ancestors were definitely familiar with the qualities of different types of grapes. Archeologists have discovered drawings of grape seeds on the walls of ancient caves! According to historians, who have been tracing the history of wine, it is a possibility that grapes may have been fermented with the help of wild yeasts, accidentally leading to the birth of wine.

The birth place of this fermented spirit in all probability is Egypt and Persia. And surprisingly by 3000 B.C. both these regions had developed simple and effective ways to make wine! White wine was perhaps the first one to be prepared by the Egyptians from a grape variety we now know as the "Muscat" grape of Alexandria. The drink was attributed to Orisis (God of death and fertility in Egyptian mythology) and was served during funerary rituals.

Early Years – Egypt & Persia
Since Egypt and Persia are attributed at the birthplaces of the wine, it is not surprising that the Persians also considered wine as a divine gift. Many wine experts believe that some of the finest grape varieties are a direct product of precursor grapes varieties grown by the Persians in ancient days. Furthermore, the Phoenicians are considered the people responsible for spreading the early techniques of winemaking to regions such as Greece, Italy - more specifically Tuscany region.

The Italian Connection
At this time, wine had already become a favored drink in Rome; in fact, wine cultivation became so popular that there was a large surplus of this spirit. So much so that in AD 92 a Roman emperor had to issue a decree that all vineyards outside of Italy be destroyed and uprooted. Though this lead to much loss, but when replanting was allowed again, European countries such as France, Germany, and England benefited from it the most. Since Islam forbade wine drinking, areas under the Muslim empire - from Southern Spain to North India to North Africa - remained unaffected by the winemaking phenomenon. However, Catholic Church has definitely been responsible for the prosperity of winemaking and England also succumbed to the winemaking temptation and now produces new wine varieties such as Sherry, Port, and Madeira.

The French Kiss
The Christian monks in France and Northern Italy maintained record of the winemaking techniques, rituals, practices, and method of grapes cultivation. The records played an instrumental role and more and more regions began to work hard to produce the best type of grape and best tasting wine in their areas. Therefore, by 1800, France and Northern Italy came to be recognized as the most well developed regions for producing wine worldwide.

And now…

Today, regions such as Australia, Eastern Europe, South Africa, and Napa Valley in America are providing tough competition to the reputed wine producing regions such as France, Italy, and England - not just in quality, taste, richness and variety but also technique and price.

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Art Collecting: A Beginners Guide

The art collection is a very stimulating and inspiring

hobby for all. It isn’t just for the rich and famous,

but even regular everyday people too. There are

various forms of art that you can choose from,

especially since art’s definition can greatly vary

from one person to another. However, it doesn't really

matter whatever its form is, you’re the one to make

the call on which is attractive and how much are you

willing to spend for such piece.

To Go For Prints Or Originals?

In the art world, some people may look down on others

due to their different tastes in picking out art. For

instance, there are those people who only buy original

works and would never even consider buying prints.

However, you should take note that if you’re just

starting to collect art and is doing this for

enjoyment then originals are not really necessary to

buy, especially if they’re way out of your budget.

There is really nothing wrong with buying prints. In

fact, these are one superb way to have framed art that

would look lovely on your wall, just like how an

original would look but at a way lower price.

Although here, you would not be having the same

texture as to the original work; since originals

usually show dimension and texture, while prints

won't. However, well-printed artworks are not settling

of course.

In fact, a lot of art collectors have art prints by

different artists, which were fairly bought

inexpensively from the Internet, galleries and art

fairs. Amazingly, such pieces still look tasteful and

classy, instead of cheap looking like what most people

expect.

All Framed Up

Once you spot an original or print that you like, you

have the option to frame it by yourself or get

somebody else to do it for you. Generally, you can

find frames in a vast price range, starting from

cheaper metal frames to ornate and hand carved wooden

frames costing you a fortune.

With regard to using mats, which is another way of

framing your picture inside its frame by the use of

papers or illustration boards, you should take note

that such could detract your print. If you don't know

how to frame, then you should get your piece and get

it framed first. While doing so, observe how they’d

offer you different mats and frame styles.

You don’t have to hasten up when picking out the mat

you want to use. In fact, you should take your time

and deliberate on it carefully, since the mat and

frame color combinations can have a great effect on

how well or bad your artwork would look. You should

also consider how the frame would fit-in in whatever

place you’ll put it, like your home or your office.

If you want a clean and contemporary look, it’s

recommended that you use the Nielsen brushed metal

frames, which are not only cheap but are still elegant

looking too. These usually come in different colors.

Nevertheless, it’s safe to go for black or bronze.

If you’ll be placing them in a gallery, bronze would

also do well, especially since it wouldn’t cost you

too much. After all, most people that buy art from

galleries would have the art they bought re-framed in

able for it to match their home decor.

If more of a wood type of person, you can also get

wooden frames that are naturally stained. Cherry and

mahogany is the most preferred styles when it comes

to wooden frames, since their deep and reddish color

bring an elegant look to any artwork.

Tooarts Wine Rack Owl Mesh Creative Wine Bottle Holder

This is a handmade owl-shaped metal sculpture. The environmental paint keeps it stainless, the grid shape fulfilled the product with the sense of modern design. It can be used to contain wine bottle corks or other tiny things. Practical and artistic looks charmingly naive.

Features:
Metal sculpture, handmade, mesh design
Environmental baking paint
Practical, can be used to contain little sundries
Perfect for interior decoration: Bars, dining tables, bars

Specifications:
Material: iron,  baking paint
Color: dark red
Product size: L11.4*W10.8*H14.4cm/ L4.5*W4.3*H5.7in
Package size: L13.8*W12.6*H17.2cm/ L5.4*W5.0*H6.8in
Product weight: 163g/5.75oz
Package weight: 259g/9.14oz

Package list: 1* Iron Art Owl

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